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Could it be the Moon?

Close Philip; not the Moon, but ...

Polarised light? Own you drive a hard bargain

And, what supplies that light?

Sun?

That's it, Philip! Dung beetles are obsessed with driving their dung balls backwards along straight lines, even going over energy-sapping obstacles like clods of earth or grass clumps, all because they align with the sun and keep that in "hindsight" as they chase after their love-prospect's nutritional treasure.

You're IT.

Insects also possess what? that enable them to exploit otherwise indigestible substances, such as wood, as food?

Enzymes

Insects also possess enzymes, that enable them to exploit otherwise indigestible substances, such as wood, as food.

Pilane
You're it

Name the insect with a) the longest and b) the shortest lifespan

Some thought the cicada was the longest living insect, but the latest research points towards the queen termite of some Africa species - one is thought to live as long as 60 years!
The shortest life span of an insect is, most probably, the mayfly, which usually survives between 30 minutes and a day, depending on species.

Name three major differences between moths and butterflies.

Butterfly antennae have rounded clubs on the ends, while those of moth are thin or often feathery.
The butterfly body is thin and smooth whilst that of the moth is thick and fuzzy.
As a general rule butterfly are active during the day while moths are active during the night (Not always).
The butterfly holds its wings vertically when resting, while the moth's is held flat against the body.

IB, there are, here and there, an exception or two to these rules; but by and large, spot on.

Which makes you IT.

Name two adaptions some species of moths have made to avoid predation by bats.